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| Introduction | |
| Causes of osteoporosis | |
| Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis | |
| Diagnostic tests for osteoporosis | |
| Treatment of osteoporosis |
[edit] Osteoporosis
Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system where the bone mass is reduced, there is a deterioration of the micro-architecture of the bone and an associated increased fracture risk. Bone density can be measured with the help of bone densitometry and values are found as indicated in the table below.
These values are standard deviations and are compared to 35-year old normal controls matched for sex and race.
| Bone density classification | |
| Densitometry score: | Comments: |
| above -1 | normal bone density |
| -1 to -2.5 | osteopenia, which means there is a certain lack of calcium in the bones |
| less than -2.5 | osteoporosis is established |
So, if the bone density is less than 2 1/2 standard deviations below the comparative value of a 35-year old normal control, then this is a patient who has osteoporosis (see table above).
Here are a few facts about bone growth and osteoporosis (see Ref. 1 and 2):
[edit] Some facts about osteoporosis and bone growth
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References:
1. ABC of rheumatology, second edition, edited by Michael L. Snaith M.D., BMJ Books, 1999.
2. The Merck Manual, 7th edition, by M. H. Beers et al., Whitehouse Station, N.J., 1999. Chapter 57.
3. B. Sears: "The age-free zone".Regan Books, Harper Collins, 2000.
4. B. Sears: "Zone perfect meals in minutes". Regan Books, Harper Collins, 1997.
5. Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 21st ed.(©2000)W.B.Saunders
6. Ferri: Ferri's Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment, 2004 ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, Inc.
7. Rakel: Conn's Current Therapy 2004, 56th ed., Copyright © 2004 Elsevier
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