Lower Back Pain

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[edit] Lower Back Pain

Introduction:

Lower back pain is a very common clinical entity. While in a younger age group back pain occurs in about 20 to 30% of the population, in persons above 60 years of age 50% will suffer from recurrent back pain. 90% of of acute lower back pain will settle on its own within 6 weeks and within one year about 97% will settle (Ref. 1). View this video that shows automated garbage pick-up as one example of how employers can modify a previously high risk job.

Lower Back Pain (outline of this chapter)

Introduction

Signs and symptoms

Common causes of low back pain

Diagnostic tests

Treatment of low back pain

Only about 3 % of all back pains need herniated disc surgery, yet everybody constantly talks about these cases or the threat of such a case. Perhaps this is so, because it is "more glamorous", more "newsworthy" or more tangible. The truth though is that most of the time there is no real cause found or only non specific degenerative changes can be identified.

Lower back pain has an enormous economic impact on employers, patients and society as a whole because of the prolonged time loss from work.

Not infrequently in the older than 50 year population, when degenerative changes of the lower back play a more important role, work modifications or even retraining is needed to accommodate the injured person in the work place again. Union considerations, seniority issues and employer/employee relationship problems can complicate return to work efforts. However, many work places have made changes since the 1990's allowing injured workers to return to modified work situations where they do not have to lift as heavy or repetitively as before their back injury until a point when their back problems have completely resolved.

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References:

1. ABC of rheumatology, second edition, edited by Michael L. Snaith , M.D., BMJ Books, 1999.

2. The Merck Manual, 7^th edition, by M. H. Beers et al., Whitehouse Station, N.J., 1999. Chapter 52.

3. The Merck Manual, 7^th edition, by M. H. Beers et al., Whitehouse Station, N.J., 1999. Chapter 275,p.2429.

4. HA King Orthop Clin North Am 1988 Apr;19(2):247-255.

5. HA King Orthop Clin North Am 1999 Jul;30(3):467-474, ix.

6. The Merck Manual, 7^th edition, by M. H. Beers et al., Whitehouse Station, N.J., 1999. Chapter 59.

7. JA Smith Orthop Clin North Am Jul 1999; 30(3): 487-499.

8. The Merck Manual, 7^th edition, by M. H. Beers et al., Whitehouse Station, N.J., 1999. Chapter 56, p. 469.

9. Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics: http://www.wheelessonline.com/

10. Goldman: Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 21st ed.(©2000)W.B.Saunders

11. Ferri: Ferri's Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment, 2004 ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, Inc.

12. Rakel: Conn's Current Therapy 2004, 56th ed., Copyright © 2004 Elsevier